One of the most crucial aspects of the early game in StarCraft 2 is that of walling. Simply put, a wall is exactly that: a wall of buildings or units that helps narrow a chokepoint or even completely block it off. This is generally done at the top of ramps but can also be done between cliffs and even between mineral patches. The main purpose of the wall to prevent early units such as Zerglings and Zealots from harassing your base (especially your mineral line).
Terrans are notorious for their ability to wall and will almost always do so against Zerg and Protoss opponents. What makes the Terran wall so powerful is the Supply Depot’s ability to submerge into the ground allowing units to move over it. This allows Terran players to completely wall off ramps and chokepoints when desired, but still allow their own units in and out when required.
While Terrans have the luxury of completely walling off an area, Protoss players generally will only narrow their ramps and chokes rather than completely blocking them off, allowing them to still move out their units from their base. If you completely wall in your base as Protoss, you risk getting your own units stuck inside or outside your base. A much better option is to leave a small gap between your buildings, and block that gap off with a unit such as a Zealot. Additionally, the Sentry’s Forcefield ability can be used to temporarily wall off areas.
Because of creep, it is extremely rare to see Zerg players wall. However, they will sometimes wall of their mineral line with their buildings (by placing them in between their Hatchery and the outermost minerals) making it difficult for enemies to harass their workers.
Wall Examples:
Terran Walls:
Protoss Wall:
Wall Types:
Tight Wall (Horizontal and Vertical Building Placement):

No units may fit through these walls.
Semi-Tight Wall (Diagonal Building Placement):

The following units are blocked by semi-tight walls (all other units may pass through):
- Hellions
- Siege Tanks
- Thors
- Stalkers
- Immortals
- Archons
- Queens
- Roaches
- Ultralisks
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